Journal
NANOSCALE
Volume 9, Issue 40, Pages 15226-15251Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05429g
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Funding
- National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program
- NIH New Innovator Award [DP2-HD075698]
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nanotechnology at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [P30 CA008748]
- Honorable Tina Brozman Foundation for Ovarian Cancer Research
- Frank A. Howard Scholars Program
- Cycle for Survival
- NIH NCI T-32 graduate training fellowship from Weill Graduate School [CA062948-22]
- Swarthmore College
- Commonwealth Foundation for Cancer Research
- Experimental Therapeutics Center of MSKCC
- Imaging & Radiation Sciences Program at MSKCC
- Consortium for Faculty Diversity in Liberal Arts Colleges
- Cancer Center Support Grant at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [P30 CA008748]
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Metastasis Research Initiative
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Nanomedicine utilizes the remarkable properties of nanomaterials for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. Many of these nanomaterials have been shown to have robust antioxidative properties, potentially functioning as strong scavengers of reactive oxygen species. Conversely, several nanomaterials have also been shown to promote the generation of reactive oxygen species, which may precipitate the onset of oxidative stress, a state that is thought to contribute to the development of a variety of adverse conditions. As such, the impacts of nanomaterials on biological entities are often associated with and influenced by their specific redox properties. In this review, we overview several classes of nanomaterials that have been or projected to be used across a wide range of biomedical applications, with discussion focusing on their unique redox properties. Nanomaterials examined include iron, cerium, and titanium metal oxide nanoparticles, gold, silver, and selenium nanoparticles, and various nanoscale carbon allotropes such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and their derivatives/variations. Principal topics of discussion include the chemical mechanisms by which the nanomaterials directly interact with biological entities and the biological cascades that are thus indirectly impacted. Selected case studies highlighting the redox properties of nanomaterials and how they affect biological responses are used to exemplify the biologically-relevant redox mechanisms for each of the described nanomaterials.
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