Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 17, Issue 2, Pages 1296-1301Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b05174
Keywords
Metal anode; iron pyrite; sodium battery; current collector; energy density; anode-free
Categories
Funding
- NSF CMMI [1400424]
- NSF [1445197]
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn
- Directorate For Engineering [1400424] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been pursued as a more cost-effective and more sustainable alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but these advantages come at the expense of energy density. In this work, we demonstrate that the challenge of energy density for sodium chemistries can be overcome through an anode free architecture enabled by the use of a nanocarbon nucleation layer formed on Al current collectors. Electrochemical studies show this configuration to provide highly stable and efficient plating and stripping of sodium metal over a range of currents up to 4 mA/cm(2), sodium loading up to 12 mAh/cm(2), and with long-term durability exceeding 1000 cycles at a current of 0.5 mA/cm2. Building upon this anode-free architecture, we demonstrate a full cell using a pre-sodiated pyrite cathode to achieve energy densities of similar to 400 Wh/kg, far surpassing recent reports on SIBs and even the theoretical maximum for LIB technology (387 Wh/kg for LiCoO2/graphite cells) while still relying on naturally abundant raw materials and cost-effective aqueous processing.
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