Journal
MYCOSES
Volume 60, Issue 7, Pages 462-468Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/myc.12611
Keywords
animal; antifungal; gene expression; resistance; yeast
Categories
Funding
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) [307606/2013-9, 443167/2014-1]
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This study investigated potential mechanisms of azole resistance among Candida albicans from animals, including efflux pump activity, ergosterol content and gene expression. For this purpose, 30 azole-resistant C.albicans strains from animals were tested for their antifungal susceptibility, according to document M27-A3, efflux pump activity by rhodamine 6G test, ergosterol content and expression of the genes CDR1, CDR2, MDR1, ERG11 by RT-qPCR. These strains were resistant to at least one azole derivative. Resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole was detected in 23 and 26 strains respectively. Rhodamine 6G tests showed increased activity of efflux pumps in the resistant strains, showing a possible resistance mechanism. There was no difference in ergosterol content between resistant and susceptible strains, even after fluconazole exposure. From 30 strains, 22 (73.3%) resistant animal strains overexpressed one or more genes. From this group, 40.9% (9/22) overexpressed CDR1, 18.2% (4/22) overexpressed CDR2, 59.1% (13/22) overexpressed MDR1 and 54.5% (12/22) overexpressed ERG11. Concerning gene expression, a positive correlation was observed only between CDR1 and CDR2. Thus, azole resistance in C. albicans strains from animals is a multifactorial process that involves increased efflux pump activity and the overexpression of different genes.
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