Journal
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 468, Issue 2, Pages 1747-1759Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx453
Keywords
galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; galaxies: fundamental parameters; galaxies: general; galaxies: stellar content; cosmological parameters
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Funding
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna
- ASI [I/023/12/0]
- PRIN MIUR
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We examine the H beta Lick index in a sample of similar to 24 000 massive (log(M/M-circle dot) > 10.75) and passive early-type galaxies extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey at z < 0.3, in order to assess the reliability of this index to constrain the epoch of formation and age evolution of these systems. We further investigate the possibility of exploiting this index as 'cosmic chronometer', i. e. to derive the Hubble parameter from its differential evolution with redshift, hence constraining cosmological models independently of other probes. We find that the H beta strength increases with redshift as expected in passive evolution models, and shows at each redshift weaker values in more massive galaxies. However, a detailed comparison of the observed index with the predictions of stellar population synthesis models highlights a significant tension, with the observed index being systematically lower than expected. By analysing the stacked spectra, we find a weak [N coproduct]lambda 6584 emission line (not detectable in the single spectra) that anti-correlates with the mass, which can be interpreted as a hint of the presence of ionized gas. We estimated the correction of the H beta index by the residual emission component exploiting different approaches, but find it very uncertain and model dependent. We conclude that, while the qualitative trends of the observed H beta-z relations are consistent with the expected passive and downsizing scenario, the possible presence of ionized gas even in themostmassive and passive galaxies prevents us to use this index for a quantitative estimate of the age evolution and for cosmological applications.
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