4.7 Article

The slight spin of the old stellar halo

Journal

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 470, Issue 2, Pages 1259-1273

Publisher

OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx1301

Keywords

Galaxy: halo; Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy: stellar content

Funding

  1. Royal Society University Research Fellowship
  2. European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP)/ERC Grant [308024]
  3. ERC
  4. STFC [ST/L00075X/1, ST/N004493/1]
  5. DFG Research Centre 'The Milky Way System' through project A1 [SFB-881]
  6. BIS National e-Infrastructure capital grant [ST/K00042X/1]
  7. STFC capital grants [ST/H008519/1, ST/K00087X/1]
  8. STFCDiRAC Operations grant [ST/K003267/1]
  9. Durham University
  10. STFC [ST/N004493/1, ST/I00162X/1, ST/K00042X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
  11. Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/N000927/1, ST/K00042X/1, ST/I00162X/1] Funding Source: researchfish

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(We combine Gaia data release 1 astrometry with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) images taken some similar to 10-15 years earlier, to measure proper motions of stars in the halo of our Galaxy. The SDSS-Gaia proper motions have typical statistical errors of 2 mas yr(-1) down to r similar to 20 mag, and are robust to variations with magnitude and colour. Armed with this exquisite set of halo proper motions, we identify RR Lyrae, blue horizontal branch (BHB), and K giant stars in the halo, and measure their net rotation with respect to the Galactic disc. We find evidence for a gently rotating prograde signal (< V-phi > similar to 5-25 km s(-1)) in the halo stars, which shows little variation with Galactocentric radius out to 50 kpc. The average rotation signal for the three populations is < V-phi > = 14 +/- 2 +/- 10 (syst.) km s(-1). There is also tentative evidence for a kinematic correlation with metallicity, whereby the metal richer BHB and K giant stars have slightly stronger prograde rotation than the metal poorer stars. Using the Auriga simulation suite, we find that the old (T > 10 Gyr) stars in the simulated haloes exhibit mild prograde rotation, with little dependence on radius or metallicity, in general agreement with the observations. The weak halo rotation suggests that the MilkyWay has a minor in situ halo component, and has undergone a relatively quiet accretion history.

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