New iron-based fluoride cathode material synthesized by non-aqueous ionic liquid for rechargeable sodium ion batteries

A pyrochlore Fe2F5 center dot H2O composite with a much larger cell volume and the interconnected open 3D channel is firstly synthesized by ionic liquid (IL) based precipitation route and used as the cathode material of sodium ion batteries (SIBs). The morphology, structure and physicochemical properties as well as electrochemical performance are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement of XRD pattern, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical tests. It has been found that Fe2F5 center dot H2O is a face-centered cubic crystal structure with high crystallinity, and iron in the Fe2F5 center dot H2O is in the form of mixed valence states. Moreover, the Fe2F5 center dot H2O sample shows the sphere-like morphology with the average particle about 700 nm and good dispersity. Besides, the Fe2F5 center dot H2O shows a high initial discharge capacity of 253.7 mAh g(-1) and the reversible capacity of 161.2 mAh g(-1) at 20 mA g(-1) in the voltage of 1.0-4.0 V. After modification by graphene, the Fe2F5 center dot H2O/graphene (abbreviated as Fe2F5 center dot H2O/G) composite reveals good cycling stability and high rate performance. Consequently, the Fe2F5 center dot H2O may be a potential cathode material for SIBs system. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.