Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 22, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI AG
DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030345
Keywords
methylene blue; phosphorus dendrimer; nanocarrier; photosensitizer; photodynamic therapy; phototoxicity; basal cell carcinoma
Funding
- project Phosphorus dendrimers as carriers of photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy and its combination with hyperthermia in in vitro studies within the Foundation for Polish Science VENTURES Programme - EU European Regional Development Fund [VENTURES/2013-11/3]
- HARMONIA Studying phosphorus dendrimers as systems transporting photosensitizers - National Science Centre [UMO-2013/08/M/NZ1/00761]
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The efficiency of photodynamic therapy is limited mainly due to low selectivity, unfavorable biodistribution of photosensitizers, and long-lasting skin sensitivity to light. However, drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles may overcome the limitations mentioned above. Among others, dendrimers are particularly attractive as carriers, because of their globular architecture and high loading capacity. The goal of the study was to check whether an anionic phosphorus dendrimer is suitable as a carrier of a photosensitizer-methylene blue (MB). As a biological model, basal cell carcinoma cell lines were used. We checked the influence of the MB complexation on its singlet oxygen production ability using a commercial fluorescence probe. Next, cellular uptake, phototoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cell death were investigated. The MB-anionic dendrimer complex (MB-1an) was found to generate less singlet oxygen; however, the complex showed higher cellular uptake and phototoxicity against basal cell carcinoma cell lines, which was accompanied with enhanced ROS production. Owing to the obtained results, we conclude that the photodynamic activity of MB complexed with an anionic dendrimer is higher than free MB against basal cell carcinoma cell lines.
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