Journal
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages 227-236Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c8se00452h
Keywords
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Funding
- Natural Science and Erngineering Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
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Aspen chips were impregnated with sodium carbonate (70 degrees C, overnight) and oxygen (110 degrees C, 2 hours) prior to pre-steaming (190 degrees C, 15 min) and mechanical refining. This pretreatment protocol resulted in the removal of 44% of the lignin while retaining 55% of the hemicellulose (which was enriched with carboxylic acid groups (78 mmol kg(-1))) in the water-insoluble fraction. Lignin removal/modification improved fiber swelling and increased cellulose accessibility, resulting in a biomass substrate that could be readily hydrolyzed (80% cellulose hydrolysis, 100% xylan hydrolysis) at an enzyme loading of 20 mg g(-1) cellulose. To further enhance the recovery of the hemicellulose component and the susceptibility of the water-insoluble fraction to enzymatic hydrolysis, a pre-hydrolysis (170 degrees C, 1 hour) step was added prior to alkali-oxygen impregnation. This resulted in a total recovery of 72% of the original hemicellulose from both the solid and liquid fractions. Alternatively, lowering the steaming temperature to 130 degrees C resulted in the preservation of 72% of the hemicellulose in the water insoluble fraction. Although less lignin was removed at the lower, 130 degrees C temperature, the resulting lignin contained a greater amount of acid groups (107 mmol of carboxylic acid groups per kg). Substrates containing lignin which were enriched in acid groups showed increased swelling and a decrease in the tendency of the lignin to bind enzymes through hydrophobic interactions. This substantially reduced the negative effects of lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis.
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