Journal
CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Volume 90, Issue 1, Pages 136-146Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13180
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Funding
- Singapore National Research Foundation under its Translational and Clinical Research (TCR) Flagship Programme [NMRC/TCR/012-NU HS/2014, NMRC/TCR/004-NUS/2008]
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Biomedical Research Council (BMRC) Strategic Positioning Fund (SPF) [SPF2013/002]
- NMRC [NMRC/CBRG/0039/2013]
- Young Investigator Award at the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences [SICS/YIG/2013/002]
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This study investigated whether child exuberance, an aspect of temperament related to emotion regulation, moderates the well-documented association between high parenting stress and increased risk for internalizing and externalizing problems during the preschool years. At 42 months of age child exuberance was observed in 256 children (47% girls) and maternal self-reports on parenting stress were obtained. At 48 months internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed through reports from both parents. Indeed, higher maternal parenting stress increased the risk for internalizing problems, and this association was more pronounced among children with high levels of exuberance. Existent emotion regulation difficulties in highly exuberant children may further heighten the risk conveyed by an unfavorable caregiving environment for developing internalizing problems.
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