Journal
MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 86, Issue -, Pages 16-22Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.10.002
Keywords
Innate immunity; Intercellular transfer; Inflammasome; Exosomes; STING; Type I interferon
Categories
Funding
- Australian NHMRC [ID 1099262, ID 1064591]
- Melbourne Children's Clinician Scientist Fellowship
- Australian Postgraduate Award
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An effective innate immune response relies on the detection of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by various host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that result in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Viruses and bacteria have co-evolved with the immune system and developed multiple strategies to usurp or circumvent host machinery and blunt the innate immune response in infected cells. Recently, it has become apparent that infected or dying cells can transmit PAMPs and host PRR signalling proteins to uninfected bystander cells to thereby bypass pathogen evasion strategies, and potentiate innate immune signalling. This bystander activation of innate immunity represents an alternative method by which the host can control infections via cell-to-cell communication. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about the intercellular transfer of pathogen- or host-derived RNA, DNA and proteins from infected cells to neighbouring cells and how this impacts on host innate immunity. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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