Journal
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
Volume 176, Issue -, Pages 10-17Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.147
Keywords
Density functional theory; molecular dynamic simulations; gold electroplating; additives; cathodic polarization
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Funding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (Harbin Institute of Technology) [2015DX09]
- New York State Center of Excellence in Materials Informatics
- Startup funds from the University at Buffalo (SUNY)
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In this work, a combined approach using density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamic simulations, and electrochemical experiments was developed to study organic additives used for a cyanide-free gold electrodeposition process. When 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH) is used as the complexing agent, organic additives with either imino groups or nitrogenous heterocyclic rings including polyethyleneimine (PEI), 2,20-bipyridine, and nicotinic acid (NA) were systematically investigated. Electronic properties and orbital information of these studied additives were determined by quantum chemical calculations based on DFT. Compared to the other additives, PEI was predicted as the most promising one for the introduced DMH based gold electrodeposition. The theoretical prediction was further verified by using experimental results. In particular, the cathodic polarization of the gold electrodeposition was significantly improved in the presence of PEI. Also, the resulting gold electrodeposit shows obviously finer crystalline particles largely. In addition, molecular dynamic simulations determined that PEI molecules possess optimized adsorption behavior on the gold surface, suggesting its effectiveness to be additive in the studied cyanide-free Au-electrodeposition electrolytes. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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