Journal
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
Volume 34, Issue 5, Pages 1230-1239Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx082
Keywords
mitochondrial genomes; mitochondrial DNA phylogeny; haplogroups; prehistory of Sardinia; origins of Europeans
Funding
- University of Pavia
- British Academy Research Development Award [53097]
- Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research: Progetti Futuro in Ricerca [RBFR126B8I]
- Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research: Progetti Ricerca Interesse Nazionale
- National Human Genome Research Institute [HG005581, HG005552, HG006513, HG007022, HG007089]
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [HL117626]
- Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging [N01-AG-1-2109, HHSN271201100005C]
- Sardinian Autonomous Region [7/2009, cRP3-154]
- FCT
- ESF
- POPH through the FCT Investigator Programme [IF/01641/2013]
- FCT IP
- ERDF (COMPETE - POCI) [UID/BIA/04050/2013 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007569)]
- FCT [SFRH/BPD/108126/2015]
- FCT - FEDER funds (COMPETE) [PTDC/EPH-ARQ/4164/2014, 016899]
- Leverhulme Doctoral Scholarship programme
- Baden Wurttemberg Foundation
- Max Planck Society
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/EPH-ARQ/4164/2014] Funding Source: FCT
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Sardinians are outliers in the European genetic landscape and, according to paleogenomic nuclear data, the closest to early European Neolithic farmers. To learn more about their genetic ancestry, we analyzed 3,491 modern and 21 ancient mitogenomes from Sardinia. We observed that 78.4% of modern mitogenomes cluster into 89 haplogroups that most likely arose in situ. For each Sardinian-specific haplogroup (SSH), we also identified the upstream node in the phylogeny, from which non-Sardinian mitogenomes radiate. This provided minimum and maximum time estimates for the presence of each SSH on the island. In agreement with demographic evidence, almost all SSHs coalesce in the post-Nuragic, Nuragic and Neolithic-Copper Age periods. For some rare SSHs, however, we could not dismiss the possibility that they might have been on the island prior to the Neolithic, a scenario that would be in agreement with archeological evidence of a Mesolithic occupation of Sardinia.
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