Vinylene carbonate-LiNO3: A hybrid additive in carbonic ester electrolytes for SEI modification on Li metal anode

A hybrid solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation additive, vinylene carbonate (VC)-LiNO3, was investigated in carbonic ester electrolytes. An efficiency of lithium plating/stripping as high as nearly 100% and spherical Li deposits were obtained. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results demonstrate that the modified SEI is very stable and of good conductivity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicate that VC-LiNO3 dominates the surface chemistry of the Li anode. The formation of Li3N in the SEI contributes to the enhancement of the anode performance. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.