Journal
AIDS AND BEHAVIOR
Volume 23, Issue 1, Pages 211-221Publisher
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2241-z
Keywords
HIV; Alcohol; Extended-release naltrexone; Randomized clinical trial
Funding
- U.S. National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [5R01AA018923]
- Yale Drug Abuse, Addiction, and HIV Research Scholar [NIDA K12 DA033312]
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We sought to test the efficacy of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) on HIV-related and drinking outcomes. From April 2011-February 2015, we conducted a 4-site randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial involving 51 HIV-positive patients with heavy drinking and<95% antiretroviral (ART) adherence. All participants received counseling. The primary outcome was proportion with95% ART adherence. Secondary outcomes included HIV biomarkers, VACS Index score, and past 30-day heavy drinking days. Based on receipt of5 injections, 23 participants were retained at 24weeks. We did not detect an effect of XR-NTX on ART adherence (p=0.38); undetectable HIV viral load (p=0.26); CD4 cell count (p=0.75) or VACS Index score (p=0.70). XR-NTX was associated with fewer heavy drinking days (p=0.03). While XR-NTX decreases heavy drinking days, we did not detect improvements in ART adherence or HIV outcomes. Strategies to improve retention in alcohol treatment and HIV-related outcomes among heavy drinking HIV-positive patients are needed.
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