Journal
MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
Volume 239, Issue -, Pages 396-408Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2016.10.026
Keywords
Diatomites; Phenol; Natural catalyst; Fenton-like
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Funding
- CONICET. UNMdP. ANPCyT (Argentina)
- Fundacion Carolina (Espana)
- Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia
- FEDER [CTM2011-23069]
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili [2010PFR-URV-B2-41]
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Raw diatomites were modified by acid or base treatments; addition of Fe or Cu species through the incipient wet impregnation method (IWI) and calcination at 700 degrees C. Samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), Mossbauer spectroscopy, point of zero charge (PZC), pyridine temperature programme desorption (TPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and BET surface area determination. According to characterization results, four samples were selected: simply calcined Diatom (D), iron added (Fe-D), acid treated Fe reimpregnated (H-Fe-D) and copper added (Cu/Fe-D). Materials were tested as catalysts for the peroxidation of phenol solutions (1000 mg/L) in a batch laboratory reactor, at different operating conditions in 5 h tests. D, Fe-D and H-Fe-D samples allowed complete phenol removal under all the operating range studied. At optimum conditions, TOC conversions of 50-55% were obtained. Metal ions added through the IWI procedure resulted more labile than metal present originally. The acidic treatment favored the initiation of the reaction showing a reduction of the induction period at almost neutral initial pH. The Fe-D catalyst exhibited poor performance, lower reactions rates and higher Fe leaching. Conversely, high TOC conversions (80%) were achieved with Cu/Fe-D, however, Cu leaching was excessive (12.7%). D and H-Fe-D samples were used in consecutive runs (up to 20 h) maintaining phenol conversion and TOC reduction. Overall, a good performance was obtained, even comparable to more sophisticated Fe catalysts. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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