Journal
MICRO & NANO LETTERS
Volume 12, Issue 8, Pages 564-568Publisher
INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET
DOI: 10.1049/mnl.2017.0135
Keywords
force sensors; biomedical electrodes; endoscopes; tumours; capacitive sensors; biomechanics; microfluidics; bioMEMS; polymers; three-axis capacitive force sensor; liquid metal electrodes; endoscopic palpation; tumour detection; CT; magnetic resonance imaging; tissue surface; endoscope tip; organ stiffness; ballpoint-pen-like capacitive force sensor; 3D microfluidic channels; polydimethyl siloxane layer; Galinstan; 3D electrode
Funding
- JST PRESTO (Information and Human)
- Microsoft Research Asia
- JSPS KAKENHI [15H03547]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [15H03547] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Endoscopic palpation is a promising technology for detecting tumours that are too small to be detected by CT and magnetic resonance imaging, are not located on tissue surfaces, and cannot be observed using endoscopes. This method uses a small force sensor mounted on the tip of an endoscope. It is desirable that the sensor can scan tissue surfaces and continuously measure the stiffness of organs. Prior work developed a ballpoint-pen-like capacitive force sensor and carried out proof of principle experiments; however, the sensor was too large to be mounted on an endoscope. This study designed three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic channels encapsulating liquid metal to develop a sensor that is small enough to be mounted on an endoscope. Eight polydimethyl siloxane layers with channel structures were assembled and filled with Galinstan, a commercial liquid metal, to form 3D electrodes. The sensor was experimentally characterised and verified to be applicable to endoscopic palpation.
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