Clinicolaboratory profile of expanded dengue syndrome - Our experience in a teaching hospital

Introduction: Classic dengue fever presentation has expanded its horizon by involving various organ systems and is named as expanded dengue syndrome. This changing presentation and rising burden across the globe may lead to delayed diagnosis and under reporting of this syndrome. Aim of Study: To analyze clinicolaboratory profile of patients with expanded dengue syndrome. Materials and Methods: About 520 cases of expanded dengue syndrome as per World Health Organization definition criteria 2012 were studied with their informed consent. Detailed history, thorough clinical examination, and relevant investigations were done. Their clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed. Standard treatment guidelines were followed in all cases. Observation: About 301 patients were male and 219 were female with male-to-female ratio of 3:2. Their age varied from 12 to 76 years with the average age of 47.5 years. About 92% of cases presented with various gastro hepatic manifestations. The commonest gastrohepatic manifestation was transaminitis (57.5%) that is asymptomatic elevation of liver enzymes followed by acalculous cholecystitis (21%) and acute pancreatitis (13.9%). Twenty-nine patients presented with various neurological manifestations. Three patients presented with acute kidney injury and eight patients had coinfection with malaria. Fever with nausea and vomiting was the most common presentation. About 15% of patients presented with bleeding manifestations. About 40.6% of patients presenting as abdominal manifestations had platelet count <20,000/mm3 and needed platelet transfusion versus 9.8% with other system involvement (central nervous system, cardiovascular system (CVS), renal). Hepatomegaly was the most common ultrasonography (USG) finding being present in 57.5% of patients followed by acalculous cholecystitis in 21.3%. Total mortality was 1.9% in our series. We lost eight patients presenting with neurological manifestations and two patients with coinfection with malaria. Conclusion: Atypical presentations should prompt us to investigate for dengue especially during ongoing epidemics so that expanded dengue syndrome can be diagnosed and treated early.