Journal
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
Volume 143, Issue -, Pages 208-216Publisher
DESALINATION PUBL
DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2019.23520
Keywords
Recyclable uniform beads (RUB); Seaweed extract; Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB); Landfill leachate; Heavy metals; Gracilaria sp.
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Funding
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (GUP Tier 1) [Q. K130000.2540.20H05]
- UTM Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology [R. K130000.7740.4J311]
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Landfill leachate containing heavy metals was subjected to anaerobic treatment by using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor combined with recyclable uniform beads (RUB) of seaweed species of Gracilaria. During the treatment of leachate without the RUB, the organic loading rate (OLR) was increased in stages from 0.125 to 0.833 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD) m(-3)d(-1) and further increased to 2.50 kg COD m(-3)d(-1) by reducing the hydraulic retention time from 4 to 1 d. Results showed that the COD removal efficiency declined from 65.70% to 9.33% when the OLR was increased from 0.125 to 2.50 kg COD m(-3)d(-1). The removal of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) was almost constant, regardless of the OLR (around Cd [36%], Ni [32%], and Fe [29%]). However, when the leachate was treated with UASB + RUB, a complete removal (100%) of Cd, Ni, and Fe was witnessed. Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer spectra of RUB pre and post leachate treatment indicated clearly that RUB was the major component that worked to remove the heavy metals. The functional groups that were responsible for the removal of heavy metals were hydroxide (O-H), amine (N-H), carboxylic (C=O), amide (N=O), sulfinyl (S=O), and sulfides (C=S).
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