Metabolic profiling by 1H NMR spectroscopy of saliva shows clear distinction between control and diseased case of periodontitis

Introduction Periodontitis is a chronic, non-reversible inflammatory disease of the oral cavity leading to destruction of periodontal tissues. Thus, the estimation of bacterial metabolite, tissue damage and secretory metabolites of the triggered inflammatory cells likely to yield results. It may be of value for understanding the pathophysiology of the disease by metabolic profiling of saliva samples using high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. Objective The study will evaluate the difference in salivary metabolites in healthy and periodontal condition along with fetching of possible biomarkers in case of chronic periodontitis. Methods H-1-NMR spectroscopy has been employed in 114 saliva samples in search of distinctive differences and spectral data were further subjected to multivariate analysis. Result One-hundred metabolites were characterised and assigned in the H-1 NMR spectra of saliva. The statistical analysis of control (Healthy subjects) and diseased (Periodontal subjects) using PLS-DA model resulted in - R-2 of 0.84 and -Q(2) of 0.79. There was an elevation in the concentration of statistically discriminant metabolites. The twenty newly identified metabolites in saliva indicates bacterial population shift along with change in homeostasis. These disturbs the biofilm, a real protector against any possible biodamage on tooth surface. These newly identified metabolites could define better geographically diversified periodontal condition. Conclusion Analysis clearly differentiates healthy subjects from the diseased ones. Few newly identified metabolites along with the pool of metabolites may serve as biomarkers for distinguishing the severity and complexity of periodontitis.