Journal
ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY REVIEWS
Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages 1-28Publisher
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1007/s41918-018-0022-z
Keywords
Lithium-ion batteries; Electric vehicle; Cost; Market; Energy density
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Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- University of Waterloo
- Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office
- DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are currently the most suitable energy storage device for powering electric vehicles (EVs) owing to their attractive properties including high energy efficiency, lack of memory effect, long cycle life, high energy density and high power density. These advantages allow them to be smaller and lighter than other conventional rechargeable batteries such as lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries (Ni-Cd) and nickel-metal hydride batteries (Ni-MH). Modern EVs, however, still suffer from performance barriers (range, charging rate, lifetime, etc.) and technological barriers (high cost, safety, reliability, etc.), limiting their widespread adoption. Given these facts, this review sets the extensive market penetration of LIB-powered EVs as an ultimate objective and then discusses recent advances and challenges of electric automobiles, mainly focusing on critical element resources, present and future EV markets, and the cost and performance of LIBs. Finally, novel battery chemistries and technologies including high-energy electrode materials and all-solid-state batteries are also evaluated for their potential capabilities in next-generation long-range EVs.Graphical Abstract
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