A novel electrochemical epinine sensor using amplified CuO nanoparticles and a n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate electrode

This study suggests a carbon paste electrode modified with CuO nanoparticles and n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (CPE/CuO-NPs/HMIPF6) as a powerful tool for the analysis of epinine for the first time. It has been confirmed that CPE/CuO-NPs/HMIPF6 can improve the sensitivity of epinine electro-oxidation and reduce the overvoltage of this drug compared to an unmodified electrode. The CuO nanoparticles are characterized by XRD and TEM methods. The CPE/CuO-NPs/HMIPF6 exhibited a detection limit of 0.2 M and a dynamic range of 0.7-900 M for analysis of epinine by the square wave voltammetric method. Epinine determination was performed successfully by CPE/CuO-NPs/HMIPF6 in serum and urine samples.