Journal
NANOSCALE
Volume 11, Issue 5, Pages 2423-2433Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10242b
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Funding
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science and ICT [NRF-2017R1A2B2012318]
- C1 Gas Refinery Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science and ICT [NRF-2016M3D3A1A01913567]
- Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP)
- Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea [20172010106300]
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Metal-free catalysts have gained substantial attention as a promising candidate to replace the expensive platinum (Pt) catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) which is a key process in low temperature fuel cells. Development of highly efficient and mass-producible N-doped carbon catalysts, however, remains to be a great challenge. In this study, N-doped porous carbon (NPC) materials were synthesized via a simple, cost-effective and scalable method for mass production by using the d-gluconic acid sodium salt, pyrrole, Triton X-100 and KOH. The resulting NPC possessed a multidirectional porous carbon network (S-BET: 1026.6 m(2) g(-1), V-t: 1.046 cm(3) g(-1)) with hierarchical porosity and plenty of graphitic N species (49.1%). Electrochemical tests showed that the NPC itself was highly active for the ORR under alkaline and acidic conditions via a four electron pathway for the complete reduction of O-2 in water. More importantly, this NPC catalyst demonstrated better performance than commercial Pt/C catalysts in terms of long-term durability and methanol tolerance under both conditions.
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