Effect of Resistance Training and Caloric Restriction on the Metabolic Syndrome

Purpose: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is greatest in older obese adults, and effective evidence-based treatment strategies are lacking. This study determined the efficacy of adding caloric restriction (CR) for weight loss to resistance training (RT) on MetS and its individual components in older overweight and obese adults. Methods: We performed a 5-month randomized controlled trial in 126 older (65-79 yr) overweight and obese (body mass index = 27-35 kg.m(-2)) men and women who were assigned to a progressive 3-d.wk(-1) moderateintensity RT with (RT + CR) or without caloric restriction (RT). MetS components, according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, were determined before and immediately after the interventions. Results: Body mass decreased in RT + CR (-5.67% loss of initial mass) but was unchanged in RT (-0.15%). Compared with RT, RT + CR resulted in reduced VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (P between 0.000 and 0.013). The RT group showed no significant within-group changes in MetS criteria. Abdominal obesity, hypertension, the number of metabolic abnormalities and the presence of MetS significantly decreased with RT + CR. There were significant group differences for abdominal obesity, hypertension, and number of metabolic abnormalities. Conclusion: RT + CR is an effective strategy for improving some of the metabolic abnormalities associated with MetS among older overweight and obese adults.