4.8 Article

Spike-timing-dependent ensemble encoding by non-classically responsive cortical neurons

Journal

ELIFE
Volume 8, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELIFE SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.42409

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Funding

  1. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [DC015543, DC009635, DC012557]
  2. National Institute of Mental Health [T32, KMH106744A]
  3. James S. McDonnell Foundation
  4. Fordham University
  5. Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  6. Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
  7. New York University
  8. Albert Einstein College of Medicine
  9. National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression

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Neurons recorded in behaving animals often do not discernibly respond to sensory input and are not overtly task-modulated. These non-classically responsive neurons are difficult to interpret and are typically neglected from analysis, confounding attempts to connect neural activity to perception and behavior. Here, we describe a trial-by-trial, spike-timing-based algorithm to reveal the coding capacities of these neurons in auditory and frontal cortex of behaving rats. Classically responsive and non-classically responsive cells contained significant information about sensory stimuli and behavioral decisions. Stimulus category was more accurately represented in frontal cortex than auditory cortex, via ensembles of non-classically responsive cells coordinating the behavioral meaning of spike timings on correct but not error trials. This unbiased approach allows the contribution of all recorded neurons - particularly those without obvious task-related, trial-averaged firing rate modulation - to be assessed for behavioral relevance on single trials.

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