Journal
ELIFE
Volume 8, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELIFE SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.42409
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Funding
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [DC015543, DC009635, DC012557]
- National Institute of Mental Health [T32, KMH106744A]
- James S. McDonnell Foundation
- Fordham University
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- New York University
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
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Neurons recorded in behaving animals often do not discernibly respond to sensory input and are not overtly task-modulated. These non-classically responsive neurons are difficult to interpret and are typically neglected from analysis, confounding attempts to connect neural activity to perception and behavior. Here, we describe a trial-by-trial, spike-timing-based algorithm to reveal the coding capacities of these neurons in auditory and frontal cortex of behaving rats. Classically responsive and non-classically responsive cells contained significant information about sensory stimuli and behavioral decisions. Stimulus category was more accurately represented in frontal cortex than auditory cortex, via ensembles of non-classically responsive cells coordinating the behavioral meaning of spike timings on correct but not error trials. This unbiased approach allows the contribution of all recorded neurons - particularly those without obvious task-related, trial-averaged firing rate modulation - to be assessed for behavioral relevance on single trials.
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