Journal
MICROORGANISMS
Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020039
Keywords
Candida glabrata; yeast pathogens; adherence; biofilm formation; aspartyl proteases; stress response mechanisms; host immune cells
Categories
Funding
- Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance Senior Fellowship [IA/S/15/1/501831]
- Department of Biotechnology [BT/HRD/NBA/37/01/2014]
- Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India [EMR/2016/005375]
- Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Fellowship
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
- University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India
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Candida glabrata is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that causes superficial mucosal and life-threatening bloodstream infections in individuals with a compromised immune system. Evolutionarily, it is closer to the non-pathogenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae than to the most prevalent Candida bloodstream pathogen, C. albicans. C. glabrata is a haploid budding yeast that predominantly reproduces clonally. In this review, we summarize interactions of C. glabrata with the host immune, epithelial and endothelial cells, and the ingenious strategies it deploys to acquire iron and phosphate from the external environment. We outline various attributes including cell surface-associated adhesins and aspartyl proteases, biofilm formation and stress response mechanisms, that contribute to the virulence of C. glabrata. We further discuss how, C. glabrata, despite lacking morphological switching and secreted proteolytic activity, is able to disarm macrophage, dampen the host inflammatory immune response and replicate intracellularly.
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