Journal
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
Volume 43, Issue 3, Pages 1380-1387Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05548c
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51777194, 51677170, 51572240]
- Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province [LY17E020010, LY16E070004]
- Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province [2016C31012, 2016C33009, 2017C01035]
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Porous carbon materials are considered as a promising sulfur host for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. However, many porous carbon materials are prepared by complicated preparation processes, facing challenges including low yields, toxic chemicals, and high-energy consumption. In this work, a simple method is reported for the preparation of mesoporous carbon with a high surface area (2166 m(2) g(-1)) and an ultra large pore volume (4.09 cm(3) g(-1)) by the direct carbonization of an adipic acid and zinc powder mixture without further chemical/physical activation process. The mesoporous carbon is composed of nanosheets with abundant capsule-like nanopores of around 15 nm, exhibiting a hierarchically assembled flower-like structure. The porous carbon nanosheets (PCNSs) with a hierarchical structure are used as the host for sulfur to form a homogeneous composite (S/PCNS) through a conventional heat infiltration process. Excellent electrochemical performance is achieved with S/PCNS as the cathode of a Li-S battery. The S/PCNS composite with 62 wt% sulfur exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 1384 mA h g(-1) and retains a reversible capacity of 657 mA h g(-1) after 100 cycles at 0.2C rate. Remarkably, the S/PCNS composite exhibits a decay rate of only 0.046% per cycle within 500 cycles at 1C rate. The high surface area, large pore volume, and sheet-like two-dimensional (2D) structure of the micro/mesoporous carbon matrix render the sulfur-based cathode with superior electrochemical kinetics, rate capability, and long-life performance.
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