Journal
MEDICAL PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE
Volume 26, Issue 5, Pages 433-437Publisher
KARGER
DOI: 10.1159/000481624
Keywords
Diabetes; Dyslipidemia; Hypertension; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity; Urine pH
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Objective: To investigate the relationship between urine pH and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, while controlling for covariates. Subjects and Methods: This crosssectional study was conducted on 5,430 Japanese subjects (4,691 without MetS; 739 with MetS) undergoing health assessments. Partial correlation analysis and analysis of covariance were used for controlling confounding parameters (age, gender, levels of serum uric acid and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and smoking and drinking status). Using multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MetS incidence were calculated across urine pH categories. Path analysis was used to determine the relationship between MetS and urine pH. Results: Subjects with MetS had significantly lower urine pH (5.9 +/- 0.7) than those without MetS (6.0 +/- 0.7) (p < 0.001). Partial correlation analysis showed that systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose levels were negatively correlated with urine pH, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was positively correlated with urine pH. Analysis of covariance indicated that urine pH decreased with an increasing number of metabolic abnormalities. Adjusted ORs (95% CI) for the presence of MetS in subjects with urine pH 5.5-6.0 and pH < 5.5 were 1.34 (1.04-1.73) and 1.52 (1.09-2.13), respectively (reference: subjects with a urine pH > 6.0). Conclusion: The MetS and its components were independently associated with lower urine pH. (c) 2017 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel
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