4.6 Article

Extreme reductions of entropy in an electronic double dot

Journal

PHYSICAL REVIEW B
Volume 99, Issue 11, Pages -

Publisher

AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.99.115422

Keywords

-

Funding

  1. Academy of Finland [284594, 272218, 275167]
  2. European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [742559]
  3. German Research Foundation (DFG) [KH 425/1-1]
  4. Russian Foundation for Basic Research [17-52-12044]
  5. Russian Science Foundation [17-12-01383]
  6. Russian Science Foundation [17-12-01383] Funding Source: Russian Science Foundation
  7. Academy of Finland (AKA) [275167, 275167] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)

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We experimentally study negative fluctuations of stochastic entropy production in an electronic double dot operating in nonequilibrium steady-state conditions. We record millions of random electron tunneling events at different bias points, thus collecting extensive statistics. We show that for all bias voltages, the experimental average values of the minima of stochastic entropy production lie above -k(B), where k(B) is the Boltzmann constant, in agreement with recent theoretical predictions for nonequilibrium steady states. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that the experimental cumulative distribution of the entropy production minima is bounded, at all times and for all bias voltages, by a universal expression predicted by the theory. We also extend our theory by deriving a general bound for the average value of the maximum heat absorbed by a mesoscopic system from the environment and compare this result with experimental data. Finally, we show by numerical simulations that these results are not necessarily valid under nonstationary conditions.

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