Journal
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
Volume 21, Issue 10, Pages 5705-5715Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07137c
Keywords
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Funding
- Commonwealth of Australia through the Access to Major Research Facilities Program
- Australian Research Council's Discovery Projects funding scheme [DP170102467]
- DOE Office of Science User Facility [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- International Synchrotron Access Program (ISAP)
- Australian Government
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A modified synthesis method for aqueous nanoparticle printing inks, based upon vacuum-assisted solvent removal, is reported. Poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl C-61 butyric acid methyl ester nanoparticle inks were prepared via this modified miniemulsion method, leading to both an improvement in photoactive layer morphology and a substantial reduction in the ink fabrication time. A combination of UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy measurements revealed a nanoparticle morphology comprising highly intermixed donor-acceptor domains. Consistent with these measurements, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of the nanoparticles showed a glass transition temperature (T-g) of 104 degrees C, rather than a pure polymer phase or pure fullerene phase T-g. Together the spectroscopy, microscopy and thermomechanical data indicate that rapid solvent removal generates a more blended nanoparticle morphology. As such, this study highlights a new experimental lever for optimising nanostructure in the photoactive layer of nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic devices by enabling highly intermixed donor-acceptor architectures to be built from customised nanoparticulate inks.
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