Novel Pemulen/Pullulan blended hydrogel containing clotrimazole-loaded cationic nanocapsules: Evaluation of mucoadhesion and vaginal permeation

In this work, hydrogels containing clotrimazole-loaded nanocapsules were developed through the innovative association of two mucoadhesive polymers: Pemulen (R) TR1 and Pullulan. Furthermore, the hydrogels macroscopic characteristics, pH and spreadability were evaluated. The formulations showed homogeneous appearance and pH compatible with vaginal application (around 5.0). Similar spreadability profiles were found in hydrogels containing clotrimazole-loaded nanocapsules and in the free drug as well. Hydrogels were evaluated considering their mucoadhesive potential by the falling liquid film method and the permeation/penetration capacity through cow vaginal mucosa in Franz cell. The results showed that the concentration of 3% Pullulan was important to increase the adhesive strength on the layer used (mucin gel or animal mucosa). The results of the permeation/penetration study showed that the hydrogel containing clotrimazole-loaded nanocapsules remained on the vaginal mucosa surface, what is ideal for the treatment of superficial vaginal infections. This way, the Pemulen/Pullulan blended hydrogel is a promising alternative for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.