In-vivo characterization of a 3D hybrid scaffold based on PCL/decellularized aorta for tracheal tissue engineering

Introduction: As common treatments for long tracheal stenosis are associated with several limitations, tracheal tissue engineering is considered as an alternative treatment. Aim of study: This study aimed at preparing a hybrid scaffold, based on biologic and synthetic materials for tracheal tissue engineering. Materials and methods: Three electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds, namely El ( pure PCL), E2 (collagen coated PCL) and E3 (PCL blended with collagen) were prepared. Allogeneic aorta was harvested and decellularized. A biodegradable PCL stent was fabricated and inserted into the aorta to prevent its collapse. Result: Scaffold characterization results revealed that the 2-h swelling ratio of E2 was significantly higher than those of El and E3. In the first 3 months, E2 and E3 exhibited almost equal degradabilities (significantly higher than that of El). Moreover, tensile strengths of all samples were comparable with those of human trachea. Using rabbit's adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) and primary chondrocytes, E3 exhibited the highest levels of GAG release within 21 days as well as collagen II and aggrecan expression. Fot the next step, AMSC-chondrocyte co-culture seeded scaffold was sutured to the acellular aorta, implanted into rabbits' muscle, and finally harvested after 4 weeks of follow up. Conclusion: Harvested structures were totally viable due to the angiogenesis created by the muscle. H&E and alcian blue staining results revealed the presence of chondrocytes in the structure and GAG in the produced extracellular matrix. Since tracheal replacement using biologic and synthetic scaffolds usually results in tracheal collapse or granulation formation, a hybrid construct may provide the required rigidity and biocompatibility for the substitute. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.