3.8 Article

The demand for contrastive explanations

Journal

PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES
Volume 176, Issue 5, Pages 1325-1339

Publisher

SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11098-018-1065-z

Keywords

Compatibilism; Contrastive explanations; Free will; Incompatibilism; Indeterminism; The Luck Objection; Moral responsibility

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A contrastive explanation explains not only why some event A occurred, but why A occurred as opposed to some alternative event B. Some philosophers argue that agents could only be morally responsible for their choices if those choices have contrastive explanations, since they would otherwise be luck infested. Assuming that contrastive explanations cannot be offered for causally undetermined events, this requirement entails that no one could be held responsible for a causally undetermined choice. Such arguments challenge incompatibilism, since they entail that causal determinism is a prerequisite for moral responsibility. However, I argue that for a significant class of choices, even if we stipulate that they are determined, we will be unable to provide a relevant contrastive explanation. Hence causal determinism is no remedy for luck infestation, and compatibilists do not fare much better than incompatibilists in the face of this requirement. This should serve to weaken its philosophical appeal.

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