Journal
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
Volume 19, Issue 6, Pages 4093-4104Publisher
COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-4093-2019
Keywords
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Funding
- NOAA
- NASA's Earth System Science Pathfinder Program EVS-2
- NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Programs
- Austrian Science Fund's Erwin Schrodinger Fellowship [J-3613]
- National Science Foundation
- Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [640458]
- University of Vienna
- [NNH15AB12I]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [J3613] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
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We present the first data on the concentration of sea-salt aerosol throughout most of the depth of the troposphere and over a wide range of latitudes, which were obtained during the Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission. Sea-salt concentrations in the upper troposphere are very small, usually less than 10 ng per standard m(3) (about 10 parts per trillion by mass) and often less than 1 ng m(-3). This puts stringent limits on the contribution of sea-salt aerosol to halogen and nitric acid chemistry in the upper troposphere. Within broad regions the concentration of sea-salt aerosol is roughly proportional to water vapor, supporting a dominant role for wet scavenging in removing sea-salt aerosol from the atmosphere. Concentrations of sea-salt aerosol in the winter upper troposphere are not as low as in the summer and the tropics. This is mostly a consequence of less wet scavenging in the drier, colder winter atmosphere. There is also a source of sea-salt aerosol over pack ice that is distinct from that over open water. With a well-studied and widely distributed source, sea-salt aerosol provides an excellent test of wet scavenging and vertical transport of aerosols in chemical transport models.
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