Journal
HELIYON
Volume 5, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01313
Keywords
Food science
Categories
Funding
- University of Buenos Aires [UBACyT 2014-2017 20020130100553BA]
- Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica de la Republica Argentina (ANPCyT) [PICT 2013-2088, 2015-2109]
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Maize husks, an agricultural and industrial residue generated in a large volume, were investigated as a potential source of useful biopolymers. Thus, their chemical composition was firstly studied, after which two biopolymer products were obtained and characterized. Maize husks were dried and milled, obtaining a 210 mm-main particle size powder (MHP). It contained carotenes (4 mg/100 g), and exhibited antioxidant capacity (approximate to 195 mg ascorbic acid/100 g MHP) coming also from extractable coumaric and cinnamic acids-derivatives (14 mg/100 g). A 31% of the MPH was water-soluble at room temperature, mainly constituted by fructose, glucose, and sorbitol of mesophylls' intracellular origin. The water insoluble fiber (WIF, approximate to 70%), which showed antioxidant capacity (approximate to 25-33 mg ascorbic acid/100 g WIF), was almost entirely constituted by the cell wall biopolymers or alcohol insoluble residue (AIR) of the MPH, mostly arabinoxylans (approximate to 26%) crosslinked by ferulic residues (18.6 mg/100 g MPH), and cellulose (26%). Low levels of pectins (5.5%) and lignin (7%) were found. Hence, a 1.25%-sulfur nanocellulose (NCC) was directly obtained with sulfuric acid (-15 mV Zeta-potential; 147 degrees C onset of thermal-degradation) without the necessity of previous delignification. On the other hand, a water soluble arabinoxylan enriched fraction (AX-EF) with pseudoplastic behavior in water and sensibility to calcium ions (approximate to 3 Pa.s initial Newtonian-viscosity) was isolated by alkaline hydrolysis of diferulate bridges. Despite a 56% of crystallinity, NCC showed the highest water absorption capacity when compared to that of the AX-EF and AIR. Maize husks constitute an important source of biopolymers for development of materials and food additives/ingredients with relevant hydration and antioxidant properties.
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