Journal
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
Volume 125, Issue 1-2, Pages 115-131Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.002
Keywords
Underwater noise; Shipping traffic; Acoustic propagation; Probabilistic modeling; Impact risk assessment; Arctic ESBA
Funding
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada (SPERA)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [460801, RG/PIN 249997-2011]
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Canadian Arctic and Subarctic regions experience a rapid decrease of sea ice accompanied with increasing shipping traffic. The resulting time-space changes in shipping noise are studied for four key regions of this pristine environment, for 2013 traffic conditions and a hypothetical tenfold traffic increase. A probabilistic modeling and mapping framework, called RANDAM, which integrates the intrinsic variability and uncertainties of shipping noise and its effects on marine habitats, is developed and applied. A substantial transformation of soundscapes is observed in areas where shipping noise changes from present occasional-transient contributor to a dominant noise source. Examination of impacts on low-frequency mammals within ecologically and biologically significant areas reveals that shipping noise has the potential to trigger behavioral responses and masking in the future, although no risk of temporary or permanent hearing threshold shifts is noted. Such probabilistic modeling and mapping is strategic in marine spatial planning of this emerging noise issues.
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