Journal
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
Volume 118, Issue 1-2, Pages 206-212Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.069
Keywords
Beach sand quality; Microbiological sand contamination; Colorimetric method; Fluorescein; Tetrazolium salt
Funding
- CNPq- Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development [302798/2013-7, 311608/2015-9]
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There is scientific evidence that beach sands are a significant contributor to the pathogen load to which visitors are exposed. To develop beach quality guidelines all beach zones must be included in microbiological evaluations, but monitoring methods for beach sand quality are relatively longstanding, expensive, laborious and require moderate laboratory infrastructure. This paper aimed to evaluate the microorganism activity in different beach zones applying and comparing a classical method of membrane filtration (MF) with two colorimetric screening methods based on fluorescein (FDA) and tetrazolium (TTC) salt biotransformation to evaluate a new rapid and low-cost method for beach sand microbiological contamination assessments. The colorimetric results can help beach managers to evaluate rapidly and at low cost the microbiological quality of different beach zones in order to decide whether remedial actions need to be adopted to prevent exposure of the public to microbes due to beach sand and/or water contamination. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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