Journal
MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
Volume 129, Issue -, Pages 304-315Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.06.009
Keywords
Diarrhetic shellfish toxins; Bivalves; Oxidative stress; Gene expression; Antioxidant enzymes; Lipid peroxidation
Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity [AGL2012-.30897]
- University of A Coruna
- Inditex S.A.
- Northern Regional Operational Programme (NORTE) [NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000035]
- National Science Foundation [HRD-1547798]
- NSF
- Direct For Education and Human Resources
- Division Of Human Resource Development [1547798] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) toxins have been widely investigated in bivalve molluscs, representing the main vectors of these compounds in the Atlantic coast of Europe. DSP toxins are produced by Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) of Dinophysis and Prorocentrum dinoflagellates, being subsequently accumulated by marine organisms and biomagnified throughout trophic webs. Yet, bivalves display increased resistance to the harmful effects of these toxins during HAB episodes. While previous reports have suggested that such resilience might be the result of an increased activity in the bivalve antioxidant system, very little is still known about the specific mechanism underlying the protective effect observed in these organisms. The present work aims to fill this gap by studying transcriptional expression levels and biochemical activities of antioxidant enzymes in different tissues the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis during experimental exposures to DSP toxins produced by the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. Results are consistent with the presence of a compensatory mechanism involving a down-regulation in the expression of specific genes encoding antioxidant enzymes [i.e., SuperOxide Dismutase (SOD) and CATalase (CAT)] which is counterbalanced by the up-regulation of other antioxidant genes such as Glutathione S-Transferase pi-1 (GST-pi) and Selenium-dependent Glutathione PeroXidase (Se-GPx), respectively. Enzymatic activity analyses mirror gene expression results, revealing high antioxidant activity levels (consistent with a protective role for the antioxidant system) along with reduced lipid peroxidation (increasing the defense against oxidative stress). (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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