C-P bond construction catalyzed by NiII immobilized on aminated Fe3O4@TiO2 yolk-shell NPs functionalized by (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (Fe3O4@TiO2 YS-GLYMO-UNNiII) in green media

Ni-II immobilized on aminated Fe3O4@TiO2 yolk-shell NPs functionalized by (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (Fe3O4@TiO2 YS-GLYMO-UNNiII) was prepared as a stable, highly efficient, and reusable magnetic nanostructured catalyst for the C-P cross coupling reaction. A variety of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), EDS-mapping, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and CHNS analysis were used to characterize the synthesized nanostructured catalyst. The characterization determined that the nanostructured catalyst is superparamagnetic in nature and structured as core-shell and its average particle size is 30-32 nm. The catalytic activity of this new magnetic nanostructured catalyst (Fe3O4@TiO2 YS-GLYMO-UNNiII) was examined in the C-P cross coupling reaction of aryl halides/aryl boronic acids/styrene/phenylacetylene with diethylphosphite/triethylphosphite in the presence of WERSA so that arylphosphonates/vinylphosphonate/alkynylphosphonate could be prepared in a short period of time. In all the cases, the nanostructured catalyst could be easily recovered magnetically for at least seven runs and a simple work-up procedure was used to isolate the obtained products. The present methodology proved to be quite suitable for scale-up and commercialization.