State gratitude for one's life and health after an acute coronary syndrome: Prospective associations with physical activity, medical adherence and re-hospitalizations

Gratitude may be associated with beneficial health outcomes, but studies of this association have been mixed, and in these studies gratitude has often been conceptualized as a stable, unidimensional trait. We used four specific items to examine the prospective association of state- and domain-specific gratitude with medical outcomes among 152 patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. State gratitude for one's health 2 weeks post-event was associated with increased physical activity (measured via accelerometer) 6 months later, controlling for relevant demographic, social, medical and psychological factors (beta = 340.9; 95% confidence interval = 53.4-628.4; p = .020). Gratitude for one's life was associated with increased self-reported medical adherence at 6 months on the maximally adjusted model (beta = .60; 95% confidence interval = .16-1.04; p = .008); no gratitude items were associated with rehospitalizations. In contrast, dispositional gratitude, measured by the Gratitude Questionnaire-6, was less dynamic and responsive to change over the 6-month period and was not associated with physical activity.