Spatiotemporal Clustering Analysis of Bicycle Sharing System with Data Mining Approach

The main objective of this study is to explore the spatiotemporal activities pattern of bicycle sharing system by combining together temporal and spatial attributes variables through clustering analysis method. Specifically, three clustering algorithms, i.e., hierarchical clustering, K-means clustering, expectation maximization clustering, are chosen to group the bicycle sharing stations. The temporal attributes variables are obtained through the statistical analysis of bicycle sharing smart card data, and the spatial attributes variables are quantified by point of interest (POI) data around bicycle sharing docking stations, which reflects the influence of land use on bicycle sharing system. According to the performance of the three clustering algorithms and six cluster validation measures, K-means clustering has been proven as the better clustering algorithm for the case of Ningbo, China. Then, the 477 bicycle sharing docking stations were clustered into seven clusters. The results show that the stations of each cluster have their own unique spatiotemporal activities pattern influenced by people's travel habits and land use characteristics around the stations. This analysis will help bicycle sharing operators better understand the system usage and learn how to improve the service quality of the existing system.