Journal
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
Volume 78, Issue 5, Pages 1900-1910Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26585
Keywords
iron oxide; SWIFT; cell tracking; positive contrast; hypointense signal intensity
Funding
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health [P50 AR060752, R01 AR043052, 5K24AR048841-11, R21 AR068507, P41 EB015894]
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Purpose: Conventional T2-weighted MRI produces a hypointense signal from iron-labeled cells, which renders quantification unfeasible. We tested a SWeep Imaging with Fourier Transformation (SWIFT) MRI pulse sequence to generate a quantifiable hyperintense signal from iron-labeled cells. Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were labeled with different concentrations of iron oxide particles and examined for cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation. The SWIFT sequence was optimized to detect and quantify the amount of iron in the muscle tissue after injection of iron oxide solution and iron-labeled MSCs. Results: The incubation of MSCs with iron oxide and low concentration of poly-L-lysine mixture resulted in an internalization of up to 22 pg of iron per cell with no adverse effect on MSCs. Phantom experiments showed a dependence of SWIFT signal intensity on the excitation flip angle. The hyperintense signal from iron-labeled cells or solutions was detected, and an amount of the iron oxide in the tissue was quantified with the variable flip angle method. Conclusions: The SWIFT sequence can produce a quantifiable hyperintense MRI signal from iron-labeled cells. The graft of 18 x 10(6) cells was detectable for 19 days after injection and the amount of iron was quantifiable. The proposed protocol simplifies the detection and provides a means to quantify cell numbers. (C) 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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