Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 364, Issue 6437, Pages 264-+Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw2781
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51572214, 51831010, 51761145024]
- Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation [2018KJXX-081, 2018TD-024]
- NSF, as part of NRT-SEAS [DGE-1633587]
- Center for Dielectrics and Piezoelectrics under NSF [IIP-1361571, IIP-1361503]
- Australian Synchrotron
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-07ER46417]
- ONR [N00014-17-1-2818]
- DARPA under the MATRIX program [HR0011-15-2-0038]
- ONRG [N62909-16-12126, N62909-18-12168]
- ARC [FT140100698]
- State of North Carolina
- NSF [ECCS-1542015]
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High-performance piezoelectrics benefit transducers and sensors in a variety of electromechanical applications. The materials with the highest piezoelectric charge coefficients (d(33)) are relaxor-PbTiO3 crystals, which were discovered two decades ago. We successfully grew Sm-doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 (Sm-PMN-PT) single crystals with even higher d(33) values ranging from 3400 to 4100 picocoulombs per newton, with variation below 20% over the as-grown crystal boule, exhibiting good property uniformity. We characterized the Sm-PMN-PT on the atomic scale with scanning transmission electron microscopy and made first-principles calculations to determine that the giant piezoelectric properties arise from the enhanced local structural heterogeneity introduced by Sm3+ dopants. Rare-earth doping is thus identified as a general strategy for introducing local structural heterogeneity in order to enhance the piezoelectricity of relaxor ferroelectric crystals.
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