Dense monolithic MOF and carbon nanotube hybrid with enhanced volumetric and areal capacities for lithium-sulfur battery

Densely packed metal-organic framework (MOF) and carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid materials with tailored hierarchical porous structure have been prepared by in situ growth and room temperature drying/shrinking. Optimizing the bulk density and porosity by controlling the MOF content leads to simultaneously high areal and volumetric capacities as lithium-sulfur battery electrodes, both of which are critical factors for developing high energy density and compact energy storage devices.