Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 7, Issue 15, Pages 8826-8831Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c9ta01155b
Keywords
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51473123]
- EPSRC Energy Storage for Low Carbon grids project [EP/K002252/1]
- EPSRC Joint UK-India Clean Energy center (JUICE) [EP/P003605/1]
- Integrated Development of Low-Carbon Energy Systems (IDLES) project [EP/R045518/1]
- Innovate UK BAFTA project
- Innovate UK for Advanced Battery Lifetime Extension (ABLE) project
- EPSRC [EP/S000933/1]
- Royal Society of London
- EPSRC [EP/S000933/1, EP/R045518/1, EP/P003605/1, EP/K002252/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Ionogels are semi-solid, ion conductive and mechanically compliant materials that hold promise for flexible, shape-conformable and all-solid-state energy storage devices. However, identifying facile routes for manufacturing ionogels into devices with highly resilient electrode/electrolyte interfaces remains a challenge. Here we present a novel all-in-gel supercapacitor consisting of an ionogel composite electrolyte and bucky gel electrodes processed using a one-step method. Compared with the mechanical properties and ionic conductivities of pure ionogels, our composite ionogels offer enhanced self-recovery (retaining 78% of mechanical robustness after 300 cycles at 60% strain) and a high ionic conductivity of 8.7 mS cm(-1), which is attributed to the robust amorphous polymer phase that enables facile permeation of ionic liquids, facilitating effective diffusion of charge carriers. We show that development of a supercapacitor with these gel electrodes and electrolytes significantly improves the interfacial contact between electrodes and electrolyte, yielding an area specific capacitance of 43 mF cm(-2) at a current density of 1.0 mA cm(-2). Additionally, through this all-in-gel design a supercapacitor can achieve a capacitance between 22-81 mF cm(-2) over a wide operating temperature range of -40 degrees C to 100 degrees C at a current density of 0.2 mA cm(-2).
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