Journal
MACROMOLECULES
Volume 51, Issue 1, Pages 115-127Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02336
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- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
- Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy BioEnergy Technologies Office Program
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We report an approach for programming electrical conductivity of a bio-based leathery skin devised with a layer of 60 nm metallic nanoparticles. Lignin-based renewable shape-memory materials were made, for the first time, to program and restore the materials' electrical conductivity after repeated deformation up to 100% strain amplitude, at a temperature 60-115 degrees C above the glass transition temperature (T-g) of the rubbery matrix. We cross-linked lignin macromolecules with an acrylonitrile-butadiene rubbery melt in high quantities ranging from 40 to 60 wt % and processed the resulting thermoplastics into thin films. Chemical and physical networks within the polymeric materials significantly enhanced key characteristics such as mechanical stiffness, strain fixity, and temperature-stimulated recovery of shape. The branched structures of the guaiacylpropane-dominant softwood lignin significantly improve the rubber's T-g and produced a film with stored and recoverable elastic work density that was an order of magnitude greater than those of the neat rubber and of samples made with syringylpropane-rich hardwood lignin. The devices could exhibit switching of conductivity before and after shape recovery.
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