Journal
JOULE
Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages 1080-1093Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.01.017
Keywords
-
Funding
- Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under the Extreme Fast Charging (XFC) program
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We propose that red phosphorus (P) is an ideal anode material for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of the combined advantages of high capacity (6,075 mAh cm(-3)) and relatively low yet safe lithiation potential (similar to 0.7 V versus Li/Li+). A red P/C nanocomposite has been fabricated, featuring amorphous red P nanodomains embedded in the nanopores of micrometer-scale porous conductive carbon with interior nanoscale void spaces, a conductive P-free carbon superficial layer, and a high tap density of 1.0 g cm(-3). At an industrial-level areal capacity (3 mAh cm(-2) or higher), a P/C electrode shows considerably better fast-charging capability than commercial graphite and Li4Ti5O12 electrodes, as well as much higher volumetric capacity and specific capacity based on the whole electrode. Meanwhile, our P/C electrode shows excellent long-term cycling stability with Coulombic efficiency of 100.0% (+/- 0.1%) and 90% capacity retention from the 5th to 500th cycles.
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