Journal
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
Volume 6, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00003
Keywords
immune checkpoint inhibitors; myocarditis; cardiotoxicity; programmed cell death protein 1; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4; immune-related adverse events; immune checkpoint; autoimmunity
Categories
Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI [17K09567]
- Japan Cardiovascular Research Foundation (The Bayer Scholarship for Cardiovascular Research)
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17K09567] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the treatment landscape of advanced cancers. Unfortunately, these agents can induce a wide spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) through activation of immune responses in non-target organs, including the heart. As the clinical use of ICI therapy increases rapidly, management of irAEs is becoming extremely important. The most commonly presented cardiac irAE is myocarditis. Histopathologically, T-cell (with a predominance of CD8(+) cells) and macrophage infiltration in the myocardium is typically observed in ICI-associated myocarditis. Other presentations of cardiac irAEs include congestive heart failure, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, pericardial disease, arrhythmias, and conduction disease. Although cardiac irAEs are relatively rare, they can be life-threatening. Hence, cardiologists and oncologists should be vigilant for these presentations.
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