Journal
ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS
Volume 2, Issue 5, Pages 2237-2245Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00194
Keywords
hydrogel; 3D cell culture; aqueous two-phase system; gelatin methacrylate; tissue engineering; porous material
Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan [18K18969, 17H03463, 16H04571, 26350530, 16J40041]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [18K18969, 26350530, 16H04571, 16J40041, 17H03463] Funding Source: KAKEN
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With the recent progress in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture techniques for regenerative medicine and drug development, hydrogel-based tissue engineering approaches that can precisely organize cells into functional formats have attracted increasing attention. However, challenges remain in creating continuous microconduits within hydrogels to effectively deliver oxygen and nutrients to the embedded cells. Here we propose a one-step, fully liquid state, and all-aqueous process to create porous hydrogels that can encapsulate living cells without the need for extensive processing protocols, including the incorporation and removal of sacrificial materials. An unusual bicontinuous state of aqueous two-phase dispersion was utilized, and one of the two phases, encapsulating living cells, was rapidly photo-cross-linked to form hydrogel sponges. We optimized the volumetric mixing ratio of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)-rich and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-rich solutions and investigated the effects of the formed continuous microconduits on the cell functions by creating liver-tissue mimetic 3D constructs. The presented technology provides a facile and versatile strategy for fabricating microstructured hydrogels for cell culture and would bring new insights for the development of porous materials by fully aqueous bicontinuous dispersions.
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