Journal
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
Volume 11, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/lpor.201600147
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Funding
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea - Ministry of Education [2014R1A1A2054092]
- Development of R& D Professionals on LED Convergence Lighting for Shipbuilding/Marine Plant and Marine Environments - Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE), Korea [N0001363]
- Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) [10041878] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2014R1A1A2054092] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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About twenty years ago, in the autumn of 1996, the first white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were offered for sale. These then-new devices ushered in a new era in lighting by displacing lower-efficiency conventional light sources including Edison's venerable incandescent lamp as well as the Hg-discharge-based fluorescent lamp. We review the history of the conception, improvement, and commercialization of the white LED. Early models of white LEDs already exceeded the efficiency of low-wattage incandescent lamps, and extraordinary progress has been made during the last 20 years. The review also includes a discussion of advances in blue LED chips, device architecture, light extraction, and phosphors. Finally, we offer a brief outlook on opportunities provided by smart LED technology.
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