Validation of Gait Characteristics Extracted From Raw Accelerometry During Walking Against Measures of Physical Function, Mobility, Fatigability, and Fitness

Background: Data collected by wearable accelerometry devices can be used to identify periods of sustained harmonic walking. This report aims to establish whether the features of walking identified in the laboratory and free-living environments are associated with each other as well as measures of physical function, mobility, fatigability, and fitness. Methods: Fifty-one older adults (mean age 78.31) enrolled in the Developmental Epidemiologic Cohort Study were included in the analyses. The study included an in-the-lab component as well as 7 days of monitoring in-the-wild (free living). Participants were equipped with hip-worn Actigraph GT3X+ activity monitors, which collect raw accelerometry data. We applied a walking identification algorithm and defined features of walking, including participant-specific walking acceleration and cadence. The association between these walking features and physical function, mobility, fatigability, and fitness was quantified using linear regression analysis. Results: Acceleration and cadence estimated from in-the-lab and in-the-wild data were significantly associated with each other (p < .05). However, walking acceleration in-the-lab was on average 96% higher than in-the-wild, whereas cadence in-the-lab was on average 20% higher than in-the-wild. Acceleration and cadence were associated with measures of physical function, mobility, fatigability, and fitness (p < .05) in both in-the-lab and in-the-wild settings. In addition, in-the-wild daily walking time was associated with fitness (p < .05). Conclusions: The quantitative difference in proposed walking features indicates that participants may overperform when observed in-the-lab. Also, proposed features of walking were significantly associated with measures of physical function, mobility, fatigability, and fitness, which provides evidence of convergent validity.